Significant Developments in the Evolution of UK Business Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2690 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Analyse the significant developments in the evolution of UK Business Law in the period between 1600 and 1900. Explain how these developments impact upon the current operation of UK Business Law INCORPORATING THE LAW MERCHANT INTO COMMON LAW In the 1600à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a major development of business law was the incorporation of merchant law into the UK system. Before merchant Law was properly incorporated in the UK, it operated in the court of Admiralty which had been strengthened by a statute in 1540[1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Significant Developments in the Evolution of UK Business Law" essay for you Create order As identified by Frederick Beutel, the demand for a special mercantile court was recognized by the parliament and this led to acts in 1648 and 1653 which gave the Admiralty jurisdiction over mercantile and commercial matters except for bills of exchange and accounts between merchants[2], However due the opposition of common law judges the bill was lost in 1970 and the court ceased to have an influence over commercial matters.[3] The law was unsatisfactory when the common law courts finally achieved jurisdiction over commercial matters.[4] This led the business community to avoid litigation in the kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s courts; although this was before Lord Mansfield took position has chief justice.[5]Commercial arbitration which was a very important part of merchant Law Arbitration accounted for a large portion of the disputes on commercial paper. Which led to the Parliament, at the request of the merchants, passing the Commercial Arbitration Act in I698. This was another import ant part of the law merchant which was re-enacted into the English law by legislation A great step was taken with the incorporation of merchant law in year 1666, which was characterised as one of the boldest fictions known in our legal history,[6] The courts declared that the custom was part of the law of the land and therefore applied to all persons. Then came the final stage of incorporation which was for the courts to take judicial notice of mercantile custom and to treat it as part of the law. This feat is usually attributed to Lord Mansfield: L stuart stated that the incorporation of merchant law into the UK was two fold [7], it began with the growingly powerful and systematic expression of merchant customs; as well as the beginning of the reception of those customs into the Common Law[8]. L, stuart particularly commended Lord Mansfield for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“his use of foreign examples, his quotation of the works of Juris consults, his use of portions of the Civil Law, dnd finally, the tendency to stress, where necessary, equity rather than precedent,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [9] In the eighteenth century two astounding judges brought about a solution to the problem of common law actions based on mercantile custom . Charles Bane stated that it was because of these two judges that the law of the merchant merged in to the UK[10] Lord holt was in position from 1989 to 1710 he was the first judge to make used of special juries composed of merchants [11]and he was the first common law judge to recognize the title to a bill of exchange in a bona fide transferee for value In a memorable case appropriately entitled Anonymous.[12]Although Lord Holt was commended for his steps within the UK ,he was viewed as conservative because he refused to accept the seventeenth-century mercantile custom that recognized promissory notes as negotiable instruments.[13] an example of this is the case of Clark V martin[14]. However promissory notes were finally seen as negotiable in struments in 1704 in the promissory notes act. Then came Lord Mansfield , As stated Lord Mansfield key technique was the use of a special jury of merchants to find the right mercantile custom or usage.[15]and then use those findings as a rule of law for subsequent cases. Charles bane argued that lord Mansfield was not bothered by technical questions in regard to the necessity of custom being long standing and limited in scope.[16]Lord Mansfieldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decisions were commended for his efficiency and diligence[17]business men found that could obtain a speedy decision. Lord Mansfield valued certainty in the law over flexibility as seen the case of Edie v East India co.[18]where he acknowledged a previously settled rule that a bill not endorsed to order could still be negotiable , even though there was evidence that the customs of the merchants had changed.[19] Charles stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“he rarely refused to follow the findings of his special jury as to the cu stoms of merchants and incorporate them into the common lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [20]. However legal scholars criticized this because it gave merchants the impression that new merchant customs could be automatically incorporated into common law[21] . The Impact of Merchant Law The incorporation of Merchant customs has to the incorporation of Laws that helps the merchants operate more efficiently. This is specifically in regard to INCOTERMS.[22]These are a uniform body of price-delivery terms where each price-delivery term, when employed by merchants engaged in international affairs is actually formulated in the light of pre-existing merchant practice.[23] Incoterms have a major impact on carriage of goods, because they address issues such as the passing of risk in cargo from seller to buyer; the delivery obligations of the seller, the expenses which they parties must bear in relation to the shipment (e.g. customs clearance, the payment of freight and cargo insurance arrangements). In addition, several of the terms as defined are only applicable only in respect of shipments by sea or inland waterways, thereby making them especially relevant to maritime carriage contracts and hence to marine cargo claims. Although incorporated by reference most frequently in contracts for international sales of goods, the Incoterms are also found as well in many agreements for domestic sales. https://www.internationalprivatelaw.com/files/Property_and_Risk.pdf Trakman, Leon states that that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the spirit of the medieval Law Merchant is embodied today in renewed faith in mercantile autonomy, including dispute resolution, and the resistance to incursions by the nation state into the purportedly self-regulatory regime of borderless merchant tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [24] The incorporation of Merchant Law can be said to be having an impact on the current operation UK business law ,most especially is U.K cyberspace law which was characterised as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“distin ctly cost and time effective methods of dispute resolutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [25]. Individuals can resolve online merchant disputes in a virtual court which mirrors that which the medieval merchants sought for the resolution of their disputes, virtual courts, in a very different context, seek comparable efficiencies as stated by Trakman[26]. These are seen in online markets suchs as Ebay and Amazon Also a form of arbitration has evolved due to the evolving nature of the law of merchant, Arbitration is seen both internationally and nationally , Arbitrators are appointed by the parties to apply the parties choice of law. Chosen for their commercial expertise,arbitrators conduct arbitral hearings in an allegedly time- and cost effective manne rin the way merchant practice and trade usage. As in medieval times, commercial arbitration centres have developed at merchant centres, not unlike courts of the fair, and have applied arbitration laws and procedures to suit merchant clientele, simi lar the actions of medieval courts of the fair It was also identified that The domain-name panel also has a functional responsibility[27], similar the duty of the Law Merchant judge[28]. The panel must determine whether the use of the domain name is illegal, in bad faith, and at the expense of the trademark holder. This resembles both rule based [29]decision making and, to a lesser degree, justice ex aequo to bono[30] which was used in merchant law The development of registered limited liability companies and separate legal personality Limited Liability started with the introduction of joint stock companies an example included the East India Company. A joint stock company could be created by a royal charter , through which each members contributed capital towards specific trade ventures. As well as through acts of Parliament[31].The joint stock companies enjoyed a separate legal identity A member of the joint stock would take shares in proportion to the amount of his initia l contribution towards the company stock[32] while incorporation was increasing and a share market was becoming established there was in fact little law governing corporations. As Gower puts it, there was only an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“embryonic law of partnership which applied to companies that were unincorporated as well as those that were à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[33] During the first twenty years of the 1700à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a volatile investment market developed. Due to the growth in share dealings Trade in shares was common and speculative. This led to The most famous speculative investment of them all was the South Sea Company. The South Sea Company was formed in 1711, with the intention of taking over the slave trade in South America. In 1719 it convinced the state to let it take over the national debt of the British Government because the company was prosperous, many investors took up this option. Stocks soared, but purely on speculation the company wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t even tra ding at this point. The collapse of the south sea bubble company led to panic selling of shares , which resulted in markets [34]The Government passed the Bubble Act. This is perhaps the first instance of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“companies legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  but it was not a particularly fine one. The Act made it illegal to form a joint stock company or offer transferable shares unless the company was a chartered one, either by Royal Charter or a Private Act of Parliament. The also imposed harder methods to trade a company[35] limited liability began to be mentioned as the prime motivation for incorporation. An example of this is In 1802 where for example, the promoters of the Kent Insurance Company ordered that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"application should be made for an Act of Parliament or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.to establish the Institution and especially to protect the property of the proprietors beyond the amount of their respective shares.[36] Then came the companies act of 1844 , which is s aid by Griffin to have given birth to the first form of registered company.[37] The Joint stock companies allowed a company to be incorporated by the registration procedure rather than by royal charter or individual acts of parliaments[38]. There were however restrictions such as the need to have more than 25 members . The downfall of this act was that it did not include limited liability to the companies ,as it was seen as a way by which companies could exploit the corporate form to the detriment of creditors and investors.[39] The Limited liability act of 1855 however allowed companies with at least 25 members to have limited liability. This act was incorporated into the joint stock companies act of 1856. In order to encourage smaller businesses the act removed restrictions in regard to the numbers of members and the minimum amount of capital that had to contributed . The Judicial acceptance of the company as a separate legal entity Legally, shares in joint stock companie s, incorporated and unincorporated, were viewed as equitable interests in the property of the company. Shareholders, says D. G. Rice, were regarded as owners in equity of the companys property. However this view was changed in the case of Watson v Spratley[40], in 1854, the court had to determine the nature of the shares of an unincorporated mining company. It held that the matter turned on the essential nature and quality of a share in a joint stock company, and declared its shares to be interests only in profits. Therefore shareholders, even in unincorporated joint stock companies, had no direct interest in the physical assets of their companies. Shares were personalty irrespective not only of the nature of the companys assets but also of its legal status. They were an entirely separate form of property: legal objects in their own right. They had been freed from their direct link to the property of joint stock companies The recognition of large business as a separate legal enti ty was generally accepted [41]as long as it was registered according to the companies legislation. However the recognition smaller companies , registered with one substantial shareholder was a matter of uncertainty . The growth of one man businesses towards to the end of the nineteenth century . However the case of salomon v salomon was the case that established the applicability of the registered company as an acceptable and valid form of business regardless of size The impact of limited liability on the operation of business law As identified by Stephen griffin the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“When general limited ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °liability was introduced by the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Limited ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Liability Act 1855, its purpose was to generate economic growth in the wake of the industrial ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °revolution. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Limited ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °liability provided a means by which entrepreneurs and investors could raise capital and trade that capital with ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °limited risk to their personal wealthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [42] Due to the introduction of limited liability the common law and statutory provisions have evolved to monitor the exploitation of the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °limited ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °liability company, however the protection provided by such measures is invoked rarely.[43] For example, the fraudulent trading provision (s.213 IA 1986)[44] has not been used in one but a cases because of the difficulty of establishing a directors dishonest intent, the wrongful trading provision (s.214 IA 1986)[45] has failed to create the substantial impact which it deserved because of the many procedural problems associated with its implementation, and the prohibition against phoenix companies has delivered so few cases as to suggest the problem does not exist , when in practice it clearly does.[46] It has been feared that a company merely transfers the burden of liability from shareholders to creditors, facilitating corporate recklessness. This would not have arisen but for ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °limited ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °liability. It is for this reason that the idea of limiting the members ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °liability introduced by the 1855 Act was not welcomed by the wealthy class and treated with particular distrust in the second half of the 19th century.[47] however as Imanalin stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the judiciary is very reluctant to pierce the corporate veil in company groups holding a parent and its subsidiary as a single entityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [48] Identified other ways in which the Law has developed to to tackle the corporate veil which had been placed in the case of Salmon. Creditors could create contractual guarantees from a parent promising to pay any debts unpaid by its subsidiary.[49]Also the statutory developments in the 1980s have allowed company creditors to sue directors in breach of sections 213 and 214 of the Insolvency Act 1986[50] A parent company could itself be found by the court to be in breach of these sections if the court is satisfied that it acted as a de facto or shadow director.43 [1] Frederick K. Beutel, The development of Negotiable instruments in Early English Law , Harvard Law Review ,Vol 51,No 5, Page 835 [2] I act of 117 [3] Supra note 1 ,p.837 [4] Ibid p 840 [5] J. H. Baker (1979). The Law Merchant and the Common Law Before 1700. The Cambridge Law Journal, 38, pp 295-322, page 297 [6] [7] L. stuat Sutherland ,The law merchant in England in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, Transaction of the royal Historical society , fourth series , Vol 17149-179.p 157 [8] ibid [9] Supra note 7, p 173 [10] Charles A Bane, From Holt and Mansfield to Story to Llewellyn and Mentschikoff: The Progressive Development of Commercial Law 37 U. Miami L. Rev. 351, p 356 [11] ibid [12] ibid [13] Ibid p 357 [14] ibid [15]Supra note 10 p 358 [16] ibid [17] ibid [18] Supra note 10 p 359 change it to the case [19] ibid [20] Supra note 10 360 [21] Christian, Note to 1 W. BLACKSTONE, COMMENTARIES *75 (E. Christian 14 th ed. 1803) (1st ed. London 1765), [22] Evolution of the Law Merchant: our Commercial Heritage Part II: The Modern Law Merchant, The; Trakman,Leon: E12 J. Mar. L. Com. 153 (1980-1981) at 177 [23] ibid [24]supra note 21 [25] 53 U. Toronto L.J. 265 (2003) From the Medieval Law Merchant to E-Merchant Law; Trakman, Leon E. 53 U. Toronto L.J. 265 (2003) at 284 [26] ibid [27] From the Medieval Law Merchant to E-Merchant Law; Trakman, Leon E. 53 U. Toronto L.J. 265 at 289 [28] ibid [29] ibid [30] ibid [31] Frank Evans ,The Evolution of the English Joint Stock Limited Trading Company Columbia Law Review, Vol. 8, No. 5 (May, 1908), pp. 339-361 at 340 ibid [32] Stephen Griffin, Company Law , Fundamental Principles fourth edition , page 3 [33] L.C.B Gower, Principles of Modern Company Law, p 27 [34] Stephen Griffin, Company Law , Fundamental Principles fourth edition page 4 [35] Stephen Griffin, Company Law , Fundamental Principles fourth e dition page 4 [36] [37] Stephen Griffin, Company Law , Fundamental Principles fourth edition page 5 [38] ibid [39] ibid [40] [41] [42]Stephen Griffin Limited Liability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Necessary Revolution Comp. Law. 2004, 25(4), 99-101. At 99 [43] [44]Section 213 of the Insolvency Act 1986 [45] Section 213 of the Insolvency Act 1986 [46] ibid [47] rethinking limited liability [48] Rethinking Limited Liability C.S.L.R. at 94 [49] Ibid at 92 [50] Insolvency Act 1986

Analysis Of The Film Pick Up A Camera - 873 Words

James Cameron once said â€Å"Pick up a camera. Shoot something. No matter how small, no matter how cheesy, no matter whether your friends and your sister star in it. Put your name on it as director. Now you’re a director. Everything after that you’re just negotiating your budget and your fee.† Anyone can be a filmmaker if they please. But while filmmaking is easy to learn, it takes years of practice. Many filmmakers take years honing their craft, striving to improve their creative skills and become better. From the 19th century to the present, filmmaking has been a growing and succeeding career. The first motion picture ever was made in the year 1872 when an English photographer by the name of Eadweard Muybridge was experimenting with†¦show more content†¦Web. 01 Dec. 2015.) The process inspired Hollywood, which invented the second most successful color process, â€Å"Technicolor†. (What? Color in the Movies Again? Widescreen Museum. Fortune Magazine, n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2015.) Technicolor filmed musicals such as The Wizard of Oz and animated films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarves. Color processing changed filmmaking and made filmmakers more conscious of color choices in scenes. A filmmaker is in charge of making, leading, and developing a film. The career of filmmaking allows individuals to show their leadership skills and creative thinking skills by leading and directing film and television. (Filmmaker. Filmmaker. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.) The director raises money for the film’s budget (either by getting it from the studio or paying out of pocket), finds filming locations, auditions actors, assembles a crew (cameramen, makeup artists, etc.), and directs the film. A director can go about getting a script in a number of ways. Many directors write their own scripts. In addition to making the decisions on the set of the film, creating the shots, and instructing the actors, beginning filmmakers may also need to write their own scripts if they want something to produce. Writing and directing short films gives beginning filmmakers the opportunity to learn about the writing process and improve their screenwriting abilities. Other times, a director will buy an idea or script from a writer. (â€Å"The Job

Don Quixote Essay Free Essays

Sue Kim 29 October 2012 Honors Literature Don Quixote Essay â€Å"With these word and phrases the poor gentleman lost his mind,† (Cervantes 20). In the beginning of Don Quixote, the reader is introduced to a man engulfed in chivalric books, who soon loses his mind in the stories of knighthood. Don Quixote is labeled as an insane man by the narrator who soon proves this statement through Don Quixote’s delusions and eccentric behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Don Quixote Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the narrator describes the delusions, the narrator’s tone is overly mocking towards Don Quixote’s delusional acts. However, ignoring the narrator’s mocking tone, Don Quixote’s foolish acts can be judged reasonable by comparing Don Quixote’s delusions to the actual situation. In Cervantes’ Don Quixote, Don Quixote is portrayed as a delusional person with a tendency of expressing eccentric behaviors; however, Don Quixote’s delusions can be judged reasonable if the audience looks at the acts of Don Quixote as a childish and immature approach to regarding things in life. There are three types of delusions and eccentric behaviors shown by Don Quixote that can be seen as reasonable: delusions and eccentric behaviors connected with concrete objects, coincidental situations, and in situations where Don Quixote admits his madness and tries to explain his own supposed madness. The most commonly mentioned scene of Don Quixote is when Don Quixote has delusions about windmills being giants. Delusions and eccentric behaviors connected with concrete objects happen as Don Quixote sees some concrete objects as slightly different objects. This pattern is seen when Don Quixote interprets windmills as giants. â€Å"thirty or forty of the windmills [†¦] thirty or more enormous giants† (Cervantes 58). The audience may perceive Don Quixote as insane because he confuses two similar objects. The massive windmills’ blades are similar to the massive giants’ arms and the trunk of the windmill is similar to a giants’ body. Don Quixote’s childish actions are analogous to those of a child identifying a beautiful woman in an elegant dress as a princess. An image of a giant is conjured when thinking of a windmill because they are so similar in appearance; therefore, an image of a princess can be conjured when seeing a beautiful woman and dress. Don Quixote also perceives a barber’s basin to be a helmet. â€Å"Do you know what I imagine Sancho? This famous piece of the enchanted helmet [†¦] resembles a barber’s basin as you say,† (Cervantes 155). To turn a basin upside down creates an object similar to a helmet. The reader can compare Don Quixote’s ridiculous actions to the behavior of children as they have swordfights with sticks. Don Quixote, seemingly childish and naive, can nonetheless be judged reasonable because in both the windmill scene and the basin scene, the two objects being compared had similar qualities and were seen from a childish perspective. Don Quixote also had delusions on fortuitous situations. Don Quixote’s delusional behaviors on coincidental situations can be judged reasonable because they are spontaneous. The delusions of Don Quixote are similar to the delusions that â€Å"normal† people would have. Well, [the cloud of dust] conceals a vast army, composed of innumerable and diverse peoples, which is marching toward us,† (Cervantes 126). A cloud of dust could hide anything from a small pin to a immense army. Therefore, it is reasonable for Don Quixote to believe a vast army is hidden inside the cloud of dust and rampage into the cloud of dust. Don Quixote’s belief on the cloud of dust can be related to the actions of a child as he or she imagines there is a mon ster underneath their bed. In both situations, Don Quixote and the child are afraid of the unknown hidden from their view. A comparable situation happens as Don Quixote faces with two friars and a carriage on one path and has the delusion that the friars are kidnapping a princess in the carriage. â€Å"You wicked and monstrous creatures, instantly unhand the noble princesses you hold captive in that carriage, or else prepare to receive a swift death as just punishment for your evil deeds† (Cervantes 62). Don Quixote can be judged reasonable because his immature, quick assumptions correspond with those of a child as he or she immediately assumes a punishment when their full name is called. A normal adult may not have attacked the friars, but a man with a childish mind would have shown eccentric behavior like Don Quixote. All of these delusions are acceptable if they are pursued to imitate one’s role model. Madness can be conceived if a person’s role model is also considered insane. Don Quixote explains about his insanity as, â€Å"In the same manner, Amadis was the polestar the morning star, [†¦] the one who should be imitated by all of us who serve under the banner of love and chivalry. This being true, [†¦] that the knight errant who most closely imitates Amadis will be closest to attaining chivalric perfection† (Cervantes 193). Don Quixote realizes that people call him insane; thereupon, he explains that he is merely following in the footsteps of his role model, Amadis. Don Quixote’s guilelessness relates to those of a child as he or she looks up to his or her role model as the child grows up. A related situation happens in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. â€Å"Said Gawain to the king, ‘If you would, noble lord, Bid me rise from my seat and stand at your side, [†¦] And I have asked you for it first, it should fall to me† (Pearl Poet 246). Gawain is upraising his uncle, King Arthur. Gawain’s honor for King Arthur allows him to imitate King Arthur by asking for the task of beheading the Green Knight. All of Don Quixote’s actions can be assimilated as childish. If Don Quixote’s actions were perceived plainly as childish and immature thought process, the readers can acquire a different definition of chivalry and knighthood from Don Quixote. Chivalry and knighthood is known to be for those that are loyal and brave. However, if Don Quixote’s chivalric, but ridiculous actions were plainly childish actions, chivalry becomes the dream of young children. Chivalry becomes an immature game played by children. Knights would not be the symbol of courage, but the symbol of playfulness and being silly. With Don Quixote’s childish perception towards chivalry and knighthood, the readers can acquire a new sense of what loyalty and courage are. Citations * Cervantes, Miguel De. Don Quixote. New York City: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. , 2005. Print. * Pearl Poet, . Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Print. How to cite Don Quixote Essay, Essays

John Brown free essay sample

The white abolitionist John Brown who has been thought of as a thief and in contrast a religious prophet led a raid at Harper’s Ferry in 1859. He attempted to start an armed slave revolt by gathering 16 whites and 5 blacks. They stole a numerous amount weapons held at the U. S Federal Arms. The raid was then stopped by a squad of U. S. Marines, that was led by Robert E. Lee. In my opinion John Brown was justified in the events of Harper’s Ferry because all of the violence he committed was for a greater greater cause There were many reasons why John Brown was justified. First off by using violence as a self defense and defense of others Brown was stabbed by the U. S Marines defending himself and his men. Secondly, he was justified by using violence as a just cause. He did this by revolting to gain freedom for slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on John Brown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third reason why his violence was justified is because it was for the right intent, Brown fought for a new government so the slaved could be rescued and protected. The fourth reason why he was justified was by using violence as a last resort, the government refused equality of slaves to get freedom was to fight. The fifth Brown used violence was justified was because the revolting led to the civil war which ended slavery, therefore the revolting resulted in a greater good for many people. The last reason that was justified for violence was because of the probability of success. Instead of leaving his men to die he stood up and did whatever he could to guard the slaves while he was on the verge of dying. On the other hand there weren’t as many reasons why Brown was not justified for using violence. To start he was not justified when using legitimate authority. The reason he was fighting was â€Å"by the authority of God Almighty† as Brown said which is not justified. Secondly he was not justified for his act of violence in the use of proportionality. This is because they captured innocent people that were not part the revolt. The last reason was that Brown went against noncombatant immunity by causing a guard to join their revolt, and when he refused to join he was shot. This is not justified because Brown brought unarmed civilian into war that wasn’t supposed to be in war. I agree that John Brown’s violence was justified for the mere fact that the number of justified things overcame the number of things not justified. To start he was just trying to defend himself and others when being approached by the U. S Marines this is nothing but justified. Also he did all of this by revolting to gain freedom for the slaves. He did it for the better and I don’t see anything wrong with putting an end to people being treated like animals. He was also justified when he fought the government so he could rescue and protect the slaves. Protecting others is the right thing to do at least in my opinion. Lastly I think he was justified because even while he was wounded and close to death he fought through it and tried to fight back to protect the slaves. That in my eyes is a person who is justified. Now this is from my own experience where I was justified. While in a snowball fight one of the opposing kids through a piece of ice instead of snow. Of course this was prone to end in a bad result and did just that as it hit my friend in the eye. He reacted by running at the kid that through the ice and attempted to fight him. At first I didn’t know if I should step in or stand and watch. Then I reacted right after the first punch by my friend was thrown. I ran up to them both and pushed the other kid onto the ground away from my friend. I then pulled my friend away and brought him in my old apartment complex. The other two kids both walked home and my friend DJ came over. I felt I was justified in this occasion because I only pushed the kid to separate them both and avoiding them from getting injured and was a greater good for the greater number. In the life of John Brown he was justified for his violence. He is deffinately a very important person in the United States as he aided in the abolishment of slaves. He did do something that was not justified but it did not compare to the amount justified. I think that John Brown should be known to everyone across the country as a great man with a even greater purpose. .

Information Systems Research Proposal Essay Example

Information Systems Research Proposal Essay Information system is the set of the technical, program and organizational software and staff which are aimed at the quality and rapid supply of people with the required information. The modern age of information has made the life of people dynamic and the most valuable resource nowadays is information, because with its help people learn about the new things, required for their self0development, enrichment and the general development of the society. Information systems are closely connected with the rapid development of the computer technologies and the computer networks. In the narrower meaning information systems are exactly the computer software and technologies which are involved into the creation, storage and transmission of information, but of course the explanation is broader and includes everything and everyone who serves for the improvement of the work of the system. According to the purpose, task, architecture and functions information systems are divided into various types. First of all they are divided into the desktop and distributed information systems. Desktop IS are the systems whose servers are located on the single computer, while the distributed IS has its server on several computers. The distributed IS are divided into file-server and client-server. Client-server IS are divided into two-tier and multi-tier systems. So the architecture is quite complicated and every level of IS has its own task: storage of information, processing, analysis of data, etc. IS are divided into the personal, group and corporate on the basis of the number and quality of the operations which they can fulfill. The personal IS is able to solve a few tasks for the single person; the group one is aimed at the serving to the selected group of people of the single department; the corporate IS is the broadest IS which embraces all the information processes of the whole company. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Research Proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Information systems are very important for the functioning of every organization and the student should observe the problem from his own point of view, choose the interesting points for the research, predict the results, suggest the methods and literature for the research and compose a well-analyzed logical research proposal which would present information systems in the alternative light. The student is supposed to persuade the professor in the success of the topic and the structure and content of the paper should be up-to-date, creative and challenging. It is not quite easy to prepare a good research proposal without possessing rich writing experience, so every student is able to join the website and read a free information systems research proposal example constructed by the qualified writer. It is a big plus that one has the chance to look through a free information systems research proposal sample and improve the quality of his own paper. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Information Systems topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Narcissistic society Essay Example

Narcissistic society Essay Example Narcissistic society Paper Narcissistic society Paper Probably most of the people know the myth of Narcissus and about the dangers of falling in love with you. Narcissism commonly is used as a synonym of egotisms and excessive self-importance. In physiological terms egotism and narcissism can be different things, and narcissism springs from an opposite relationship with the self: not self-involvement, but disconnection with oneself. In other words, the key to understand the myth of Narcissus is not that he fell in love him himself, but that he failed to recognize himself in his own reflection. The world of a narcissist is a mirror; he/she spends the life trying to reach the ideal-self, the beautiful image that hides the true feelings of loneliness and internal emptiness. The modern narcissist seeks those reflections in television, Internet, magazines etc. Television and some of the reality shows give an image of idyllic participant, beautiful, charming, powerful and free to do whatever he/she wants.[5] Nowadays, narcissistic behaviour is so obvious that we see it everywhere in our culture. It is even alarming that we live in an age where narcissistic behaviour is so evident. Ironically, one of the best ways for a narcissist to show himself/herself at the moment is reality TV and we (society) initially like narcissists more because of their exploitative behaviour. Reality shows are perfect for them, because of their arrogant behaviour, self-confident and showy personalities. In 2000 the reality programming shows exploded and many TV channels as well as mainstream networks created a shows like Big Brother, The Simple Life, Survivor and much more. There are many other different types of shows and mostly all of them share one characteristic: they exploit narcissistic behaviour for dramatic effect.[6] In a competition type of shows like The X Factor, American Idol, Hell’s Kitchen, The Apprentice, Top Model, etc. the participants do everything for supremacy and financial awards. It is debatable if their talent has much to do with their win, but it is certain that they get a reward for being ruthless, exploitative, authoritarian, and self-sufficient. It is almost impossible to imagine anyone without a heavy reserve of narcissism carrying on after a dressing-down from one of his or her acerbic judges.[7] Show like Top Model focus on body image, following the contestants as they struggle over and over with their weight and appearance. Since of so much â€Å"stress† the participants usually give the audience bad behaviour, when they break down or on the contrary scheme conspire to grab every advantage of it. It is known that almost none of the scenes of the show are filmed when nothing is happening; the camera usually appears when there is a drama. These shows invite the audience to indulge it’s own narcissistic feelings of superiority, whether by jeering at the TV screen or by posting a commentary on the shows’ websites[8]. Dating competition shows like The Bachelor or Joe Millionaire combine all of the previous shows qualities with more emphasis of duplicity. The prize of this show is a Man, who is known to be very attractive, fascinating, and sometimes even vulnerable. On the television those types of figures become idealized even if in real life they are unsuccessful or egotistical, in other words full of narcissistic characteristics. The shows like The Simple Life, Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica or Hogan Knows Best invite the audience to enter and to understand every day life of celebrities. The aim of these shows is to display celebrities being themselves, in other words, to document how narcissistic personalities cope with every day life. The viewers become grateful and don’t even pay the attention what is really happening in the show, because the â€Å"IT† celebrity gave an opportunity and flattered the viewers by letting them into their world. The biggest problem with this type of show is that the young viewers get confused with what is normal and what is not. In one of the episodes in the show Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica, Jessica asked a question: â€Å"Is this chicken what I have or is it fish? I know its tuna, but why than it says chicken? (Chicken of The Sea is a brand)†[9]. The episode and the question received hundreds of comments, public and media attention, not because it was an unintelligent question, but because the audience felt a connection with the protagonist. Since it received so many feedback Jessica made a public statement saying that she’s just a normal human who sometimes makes mistakes. The audience â€Å"went wild† because they felt that she’s just like them and by that time it didn’t matter that she is multimillionaire recording artist. According to that, the message that is told to the society seems to be one: don’t be ashamed of you are. The phrase that always is an answer to all misunderstandings. Most of the narcissistic qualities: extreme arrogance, sense of specialness, vanity, jealousy, and entitlement, appear in â€Å"diva shows† like My Super Sweet 16, Kimora: Life in the Fab Lane and Keeping Up with the Kardashians. The shows about the celebrities (who in reality are known for being famous just for being famous) let and show all the viewers, who ever dreamed of fame or wealth that it could be theirs simply by demanding it[10]. The participants are known as narcissists, which just let the viewers to become ones as well. The people who succeed on these shows appear to have little knowledge of education or hard work. Instead, they manipulate, act out while living their known fabulous lives.  The show Dr. 90210, The Swan or I Want a Famous Face, glorify the â€Å"improvement† of the body, by any means necessary. These shows might motivate some viewers to make some positive changes in their lives but in general it glories the narcissistic view of body image. However, all of these shows have one function, to entertain. Entertainment programs occupy a bigger part of our daily life, while reducing the attention that we give to news programs or documentaries. There is a greater tendency to choose this new type of television genre, because of its required minimum interpretation, appealing messages and easy understanding. The influence of these shows is massive and it is alarming because it makes narcissism seem completely normal. This narcissism bug has bitten young people, who live in this narcissistic society, and when asked what are your goals in life they answered: â€Å"becoming famous†.  Every man, however hopeless his pretensions may appear, has some project by which he hopes to rise to reputation; some art by which he imagines that the attention of the world will be attracted; some quality, good or bad, which discriminates him from the common herd of mortals, and by which others may be persuaded to love, or compelled to fear him.[11]

Health Care and the Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Care and the Economy - Essay Example The fact brought out indicates that, even though, the unemployment numbers decrease, as ironical as it may sound, many people still lack jobs and in collaboration with that, people are unable to sustain themselves in health coverage matters. It is with no doubt that the health care sector is slowly declining because of recession, and this has not only made the medical coverage of many individuals to be at stake but has also driven many people to withdraw from vital medical insurance services, to save money for other uses. Inflation has become a major issue that is facing the American society especially when it comes to the prices of medicine. In News article done by Rosenthal (2014), states that there has been a significant increase of generic drug prices which has caught the users by surprise. She states that users of medicine such as digoxin have started looking for other options other than that, because one would encounter costs that range from $1000 which is too expensive (para 5). Medicine that is also necessary for the young children for example vaccines have gone up tremendously. It is true that other medicines can be used to treat the diseases, but the most recommended ones are ironically too expensive though their manufacture price is not high. Inflation of pharmaceutical drugs has left the people who earn below the average income and those who are unemployed, under bad conditions because they end up not buying the medicine that they need, so as to save up on their money. This shows that the tremendous increase in of prices is affecting not only the unemployed but also the employed because treatment is becoming too expensive for people to afford to leave a lot of people in debts if they purchase the drugs (Rooney, para 3). Treatment is also becoming expensive, and this has made many companies withdraw their medical covering benefits from their employees but not entirely.

Varying European and Native Motives and the Collision of Cultures in Essay

Varying European and Native Motives and the Collision of Cultures in North America - Essay Example Through the clashing of these interests and motives, a collision of cultures sprung up in North America, resulting in the multicultural society that is North America. The conflicting motives began at the initial stages of European invasion of North America. In 1666, George Alsop asserted that poor Europeans should come to America as indentured servants bound by legal contracts that reflected debts or purchase obligation. On the contrary, Gottlieb Mittelberger was of the opinion that poor Europeans should not come to America as indentured servants. This thus paper explores the influence that the natives’ and the Europeans’ motives had on the collision of cultures in North America (Dudley & Chalberg, 1996). The Motives The clashing of the natives’ and the colonists’ interests and motives has been described by historians and political scientists as a major factor in the current collision of cultures in North America. In fact, the collision of cultures has per meated various aspects of peoples’ lives in North America including food, religion, law, political dispensation and art such as music and literature (Henretta & Brody, 2009). Importantly, it is noteworthy that the collision of cultures occurred as the largely diversified immigrants came from all corners of the world. The motives of the natives and the Europeans were equally diverse. While some of these immigrants came for economic reasons, others came for religious and political motives such as to colonize the Americas. Consequently, there had to be struggles among the natives and the Europeans who formed the bulk of the immigrants coming into North America. These collisions of cultures took different forms ranging from ethnic, religious, economic, and political dimensions. Importantly, it should be noted that the conflicting interests did not only pit native North Americans and the European immigrants against each other but there were also conflicts with African slaves in No rth America and the other nations with vested interests in North America (Henretta & Brody, 2009). Fortunately, the efforts made by all the stakeholders to reduce the cultural, political, religious, and economic conflicts of interests have made North America the multicultural society it is today. The European Colonization of North America The European colonization of North America and the enslavement of West Africans presented a collision of the three cultures that had been developing and existing at different lines since time immemorial. Central to the collision of these cultures were the various individual and collective/national ambitions and impulses of the European colonists and North American Natives. Among the goals targeted by the colonizers of the New World for which their ambitions were burning included long-standing demographic changes, religious expansion, international rivalries and economic gains. At the forefront in the efforts for religious changes were the Protestan t Reformists who wanted to spread their religion to the New World. The collision of cultures in North America thus not only yielded biological exchanges but also new religious dispensations that re-defined both the Old and New Worlds (Henretta & Brody, 2009). The attitudes of the immigrating colonizers towards the Native Americans and the African slaves were thus shaped by their

To what extent do transnational media exert influence on Asian Essay

To what extent do transnational media exert influence on Asian countries ---outline - Essay Example The sweeping wave of globalization has greatly impacted the media industry. Today, national and regional boundaries have ceased to contain flaws and flows even as countries struggle to institute measures to control international communications a noted by Alterman (1998). There are several advantages and disadvantages that have been associated with international communication as presented by media. Some of its advantages include the easy flow of ideas, influencing such things as transnational movements of people, capital, and goods. New practices in media have greatly shaped media spaces leading to the establishment of contemporary cultures and doing away with age old orders. Asian countries previously were considered to be closed societies, almost geographically isolated from one another (TBS nd). This has however changed due to a myriad of reasons. This study will focus on the extent to which transnational media influences Asian countries. Main Objective 1. To establish the extent t o which transnational media has influenced Asian countries Specific Objectives 1. To establish the presence and operation of transnational media in Asian countries 2. To establish the extent to which transnational media operates in various Asian countries 3.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay Introduction According to the World Tourism Organization tourists are the people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one successive year for leisure, business and other purposes not interrelated to the exercise of an activity rewarded from within the place visited. Tourism is mainly popular as a global freedom activity. Tourism is a critical source of income for many countries and it generates income through the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. Some of the services offered by these industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation services such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. The tourism requires having some of disposable income, time off from work and other responsibilities, proper transportation and accommodation facilities and legal clearance for travelling. More than all, sufficient health condition during the course of travel is required. There are some countries which have legal limitations on travelling abroad. Any projections of growth in tourism serve as an suggestion of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future. Content Essay Question: Report for critically analysing a location or sector of the tourist industry, and the key issues affecting that sector or location and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1. What is meant by Tourism Industry? Tourism has been identified as one of the worlds largest industries and is more and more developing world wide. Further it is moving for primarily recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. Business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity compensated from within the place visited. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals in UK. Tourism is very important for many countries, due to the income generated by the utilization of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries are included transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. (Harrison, 2001) 1.1 Definition for Tourism The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941 state that tourism as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tourism Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of not only recreation, but also the provision of services for this act. It might occupy local services such as entertainment, accommodation and catering for tourists. It may seem, that tourism brings only benefits, but further consideration shows that it also has disadvantages. Generally, many countries depend greatly upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. Secondly, it provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and hotels. Thanks to it, the average standard of living of people increases well and at the same time unemployment is on the decrease. However, tourists cause environmental damage through forest fires, destruction of sand dunes and pollution. Consequently this serves negatively as increased pollution disturbs local residents and also it may discourage tourists from further entering the country. After this, tourism undermines culture by commercializing it and this is often connected with increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise tourists do not always respect traditional cultures, which is sad but true. In general, tourism is an extremely profitable process in loads of countries, especially those in which the process of development continue to depend on this industry because this industry does not require a lot of literacy and also it yields maximum profits with less investment. (Harrison, 2001) 1.3 Different sectors of Tourism The tourism industry has been composed of eight different sectors or areas. Those are mentioned below, Accommodation Adventure Tourism and Recreation Attractions Events and Conferences Food and Beverage Tourism Services Transportation Travel Trade Out of these sector I have selected Attraction sector of tourism for the identify the key issues affecting that sector and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1.4 Attraction of tourism sector Considering the one of the country, attractions include historic sites, heritage homes, museums, halls of fame, art galleries, botanical gardens, aquariums, zoos, water parks, amusement parks, casinos and cultural attractions. Many attractions are educational in nature, others are only for entertainment. As an example,Canada has a wealth of cultural and heritage attractions: the Parliament Buildings and National Gallery in Ottawa, the Fortress of Louisbourg in Cape Breton, and Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site in Manitoba. There are heritage communities like Vancouvers Gastown, natural resource attractions like the hot springs in Banff and Jasper National Parks, and the northern lights in the Northwest Territories. In addition, there are large delight parks like Canadas Wonderland in Ontario, museums such as the Maritime .To maintain this important part of Canadas tourism industry, the Canadian Tourism Commission has developed . The sub-committees mandate is to plan, direct, ma nge and put into action by programs to improve and develop cultural heritage tourism in Canada. The sub-committee is made up of culture, heritage and tourism industry representatives from across Canada acting to ensure that cultural heritage tourism will become a vivacious and advantageous part of the Canadian Tourism industry. But every province and territory in Canada has major and minor attractions that attract visitors and generate tourism income Because of the Canadian climate, many outside attractions and seasonal. Indoor attractions operate year round, and some, like West Edmonton Mall, combine activities, such as shopping with an pleasure park, an ice rink and a water park. All attractions may be large or small and need people to sell food and souvenirs, market the attraction, maintain the facility and manage the operation. The attractions sector important for a wide range of employment opportunities, ranging from seasonal part time to permanent full time positions. Further there is also variety in the types of jobs available. As an example, Casinos are rapidly growing area of the attractions sector, adding many new positions, such as pit bosses and dealers, to the labour pool. According to the statistics of tourist sector, It is estimated that in 1997, 120,000 people were employed in the attractions sector and service is expected to reach 152,000 by 2005. In the UK attractions are at the heart of the tourism industry. Visit attractions are typically the main motivator for both domestic visitors and international tourists. They are organized trips for visit the various places for their entertainment and keep mind rest. Normally, there are four main types of attractions are identified and it is illustrated below. Source: Article of Key Issues in Visitor Attraction Management in a Competitive Market, 2001 2.0 Key issues for attraction sector There are also some issues can be identified as arise of issues from attraction sector. which are specific to particular sectors of the attractions business, some of which are identified below: 2.1 Heritage attractions making use of the latest technologies for explanation but ensuring that the medium does not become more important than the message incorporating recent history and the varying nature of society in the UK, such as the growth of ethnic communities, linking the community whose story is being told by the heritage attraction and Deciding what stories should be told and how they should be told. When a communitys heritage is the tool of what it offers visitors, protecting that heritage is essential. Therefore the major challenge in cultural heritage tourism programs is ensuring that increased tourism does not destroy the very qualities that attract visitors in the first place. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Further some problems related to. Heritage attractions.These problems are travellers increasing in numbers and adding stress and strain to infrastructure and heritage sites are, as Safer says, only beginning, and the travel industry is already addressing them. But a challenge results not only from visitor impact, but also from visitor opportunity of quality products and services. Tourism is essentially in the service industry, which means it depends on the capability of people in many different jobs and locations. In addition to tourism is an attractive form of economic development 2.2. How to improve Heritage attractions Cultural endowments such as traditional design, unique street-scapes, and historic sites are increasingly recognized as important economic resources in both developed and developing countries. Cities are regularly an important focal point for development based on these resources because they provide concentrations of heritage assets, infrastructure services, private sector activity, and human resources. Improving the preservation and management of urban heritage is not only important for preserving its historic significance but also for its impending to increase income-earning opportunities, city livability, and competitiveness. (Harrison, 2001) The World Bank-financed projects have identified that heritage conservation has increased city liveability by preserving streets and neighbourhoods built at a human scale, public areas that support positive community relations, and green spaces that offer recreational activities. By preserving their heritage, cities can be produce a unique sense of place and singular urban landscapes, developing strong branding and conditions to attract investors. This is principally true for investors in tourism and which is one of the major industries in the world today and has a pathway record of creating significant levels of employment for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. In addition to improving a citys self-image and identity through identification of heritage resources has been shown to increase public satisfaction and energize communities to actively address a wide range of development and livelihood issues. (Kotler 1998) Further the conservation of cultural heritage supports urban recovery by preserving city liveability, increasing competitiveness, and creating a wide range of income-earning opportunities.The Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Thematic Group (CHST) was established in 2004 as a network of practitioners to mainstream support for heritage conservation into infrastructure, private sector, and social development projects. The thematic group reflects the multi-disciplinary characteristics of the CHST family, prominence by the wealth of information and experience available among more than one hundred Bank professionals. In the urban sector, it is clear that infrastructure projects can supply an entry point for useful interventions in heritage conservation and development. on the other hand, many task team leaders find that discussions of lending that recognize the value of local heritage provide a positive starting point for dialogue on downstream lending operations addressing broade r-based infrastructure investment needs. This note focuses on the rationale for World Bank-financed infrastructure projects that include or focus on conservation of cultural heritage belongings either for their own value or as a element of infrastructure and economic development strategies. 2.3 Theme and amusement parks There is growing pressure for better protection at theme and amusement parks in the light of highly-publicised accidents in recent years, here is a need to incorporate the latest rides, even though this is very expensive and is making it difficult for smaller theme and amusement parks to compete, parks have to ensure that children can learn something from their visit to the park, and this will help in attracting families and school groups. 2.4. How improve facility of amusement parks The safety of visitors who enjoy the parks facilities and services is of dominant concern. Further safety is a collective responsibility. Visitors must take safety measures that reflect the risk involved in their chosen activity. This involves knowledge of natural hazards, proper equipment and provisions, adequate skill and fitness, and the ability to cope with emergencies. Park management will focus on safety information, facility design, and staff training. ark staff continue to work with the local and regional tourism industry, keeping up-to-date on trends and offering reliable experiences based on the parks key ecological and cultural values. (Kotler 1998) 2.5 Wildlife attraction wildlife attraction managers are having to come to terms with growing public concern over animals being kept in captivity for the entertainment, or even the education, of visitors, the opportunity to use Virtual Reality technologies to educate visitors about wildlife. 2.6 How improve Wildlife attractions for tourism Planning for Action Biodiversity Action Plan apply for conservation priorities, and it support how to manage and monitor activities of biodiversity including wildlife. Reviewing your purchasing strategy Every business consumes products and services supplied by other businesses. By managing what you buy, how you use products and how you dispose of waste you can improve your own, and other companies biodiversity performance. Managing your environmental impacts Reviewing and managing your overall environmental performance also benefits biodiversity and can help reduce costs. For example, the energy used to heat and light accommodation will come from the power creation industry. Conserving energy reduces CO2 emissions, Increased rates of climate change adversely impacts on species, habitats and ecosystems. Recycling and waste reduction reduces the amount of landfill and potentially increases the amount of space, which can be left for natural habitat conservation. Raising Awareness among people Providing for services or goods by tourism providers that contribute positively to biodiversity conservation can bring visitors closer to wildlife. You can widen the potential for low impact tourism, and help people to make relate between their own environment, lives and communities. Most of the peoples interests in wildlife watching and conservation arise as a direct result of the experience they receive from recreational activities. (Kotler 1998) Working with others Many smaller tourism businesses connecting up with forums like Tourism and Environment Forum or local sustainable business forums can be a good mode to awareness creation. Such networks are also important sources of current information about new opportunities, grants, trends and regulations. 3.0 How attraction sector of Tourist industry improve in UK The attractions sector is very important to the achievement of success I in UK tourist industry. In there managers face wide range of challenges, opportunities and threats, that will determine the future success of the sector. Whether they end up being opportunities or threats may well depend on how managers react to them. For example, for attractions which successfully hold new technologies such as Virtual Reality and the Internet these technologies is an opportunity to achieve aggressive advantage. The UK attractions sector is obviously diverse which accounts for its noticeable fragmentation. There is a need for the sector to become more organized and speak with one voice, so it can have greater influence on the government policy-making process and resulting legislation affecting the industry. At the same time, the developments in the attractions sector abroad are providing competitive challenges for the UK attractions sector. currently new attractions have been opened in countries as diverse as France and the USA, Spain and Japan, Australia and China. UK attraction managers can learn a lot from successful foreign practices: from design and marketing, to catering and providing for disabled visitors. Within the UK, the government wishes to take action to create a more level playing field for attraction operators. Subsidies to major national museums and huge National Lottery grants for new projects are probably unfair competition for most small attractions. It appears that it is the small attractions that will find the future particularly difficult, as they lack the resources to participate directly with the larger players. The same situation exists in other sectors of tourism, such as hotels and tour operators, and definitely in industry in general. The way ahead for small attractions, as with hotels and tour operators, is the need for interest, differentiation, the use of the Internet for marketing, and an emphasis on personal service. (Swarbrooke, 2001)

Ralph Waldo Emersons Transcendentalist Philosophy and Its Influence on

Ralph Waldo Emerson's Transcendentalist Philosophy and Its Influence on Margaret Fuller's Feminist Philosophy Ralph Waldo Emerson was a leading thinker in the American Transcendentalist movement, who first proposed many of the movement’s most influential ideas regarding the relation between the human mind and the world. He believed each person to possess a â€Å"soul,† a power within the self to uniquely perceive and understand the world, and grasp the intricate relationships between all things; Emerson’s universe was infinitely knowable, and his ideal, independent soul should be in a state of constant consideration and reevaluation of the world around him. Emerson’s notion of the chief end of life was the growth and development of one’s soul, and the maintenance of a constant state of learning and changing, of always becoming rather than simply being. He viewed society as a fundamentally oppressive phenomenon, as it imprints itself upon one’s soul and possesses the dictatorial capacity to hinder the soul’s crucial independent thought; to E merson, society was a â€Å"conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members†¦ The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators but names and customs. Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist,† (Self-Reliance 1162). â€Å"Self-reliance,† the title of Emerson’s 1841 essay, advocates independent thought as a human ideal, above and beyond the confines of traditional, unquestioning society. Emersonian Transcendentalist thought influenced many other emerging figures, including the feminist thinker Margaret Fuller, who believed society, males and females alike, to be suffering from a lack of gender equality. Fuller took t... ...of minds, gains the capability of self-reliance. Emerson depicts his homeostatic society as governed by the tyranny of the fickle majority: â€Å"the sour faces of the multitude, like their sweet faces, have no deep cause,—disguise no god, but are put on and off as the wind blows, and a newspaper directs. Yet is the discontent of the multitude more formidable than that of the senate and the college,† (Self-Reliance 1164). This is paradoxical, in that the American people should ideally be free, but are instead manipulated by the tyrannical masses. If all Americans are governed by an oppressive majority, it seems that nobody is yet free. It would, therefore, follow, that some institutional or governmental reform should be necessary before anybody, man or woman, can be free enough to become self-reliant and, through Emersonian ideals, change society internally.

Is Democracy Still Relevant in Our Society?

ALBUKHARY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JALAN TUN ABDUL RAZAK 05200 ALOR SETAR KEDAH DARUL AMAN MALAYSIA Students Details Name: Mohd Rafiq Bin Mohamad Mazlan Matric No: 111100075 Trimester/ Year: 2/ 2013 School: School of Business Assignment Details Course Title: Seminar on Current Affairs Course Code: SHH1013 Assignment title: Research Paper Topic: Is Democracy Still Relevant in Our Society? Declaration I hereby declare that this assignment is personal work, and does not involve plagiarism or collusion. MOHD RAFIQ MOHAMAD MAZLAN †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date: 05 APRIL 2013 Is Democracy Still Relevant in Our Society? 1. 0 INTRODUCTIONRecently, there are many political issues and problems that happened in some countries where the democracy system is applied. One such example is in Egypt and Syria. Therefore, the question that always arises in our mind, is democracy still relevant in our society? Based on the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Democracy means a system of government in which everyone in the country can vote to elect its members. Even though some parties say that democracy is not relevant in our society nowadays, I personally take a stand to say that democracy is still relevant as it brings many benefits to us in terms of economics and politics. . 0 PROBLEM DEFINITION The main purpose for me to choose this this topic is because it is based on my current observation. From what I observed, I have seen many countries which apply the system of democracy in their country are far more developed than those countries which use other form of Government. What are the realities behind the democracy system? Does it still applicable to some countries and what are the benefits, advantages or even advantages of having this system in a country? Those are questions that always arise if we discuss about democracy system.Therefore by doing this research paper, it is hoped tha t the concept of democracy system will be clearer to us by comparing it in two different aspects which are the advantages and disadvantages of democracy to a country. For this research paper, I have used a method where the arguments are divided into three parts and in each part, there will be advantages and disadvantages of democracy system with some supporting details. 3. 0ARGUMENTS 3. 1ARGUMENT I It is no doubt that democracy does bring many benefits and advantages to a country but at the same time it does also bring some negative effects on economy of a country.From Acemoglu and Robinson, an MIT economist and a Harvard political scientist, they mentioned that democracy in economics lead to inequality of economy to the citizens. Besides that, from an article, ‘Why Democracy Is Wrong’, it mentioned that democracy has brought inequality to some countries. In this article, it mentioned that democracy has failed to eliminate inequality at global level and it also mentione d that in some democratic states, there is inequality of wealth and income.In addition, from a research paper, ‘Democracy and Economic Development’ by Adam Przeworski, from Department of Politics, New York University, he mentioned that democracy in a country does not guarantee a country to be a developed country as he gave one example in Mali where back in 1985, Mali faced a financial crisis and had a low per capita income of $532 and the same problem happened in France where on the same year France had per capita income of $12206 and grew at the rate of 1. 43 percent. On the contrary, democracy is not a primary factor that makes a country to have a financial crisis. I do not believe that democracy necessarily leads to development. I believe that what a country needs to develop is discipline more than democracy† (Lee Kuan Yew cited in The Economist, August 17,1994, p. 15). From a book, ‘Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy’, it mentioned tha t democracy has helped one country to be a developed and one such example given is Singapore. Singapore was ranked in the first position by Bloomberg Businessweek in 2009 as the most competitive country in the world.In addition, from a book written by Rainer Heufers, ‘The Politics of Democracy in Malaysia’, she mentioned that democracy is one of the factors that have helped Malaysia in terms of economics to be one of the most fastest growing counties in this region. (Kurzman, Werum, and Burkhart, 2002) mentioned that democracy is good for investment and at the same time it has a positive effect on economic growth as it grows in a climate of liberty, free-flowing information, and property rights secure from the arbitrary power of the state. . 2ARGUMENT II Democracy also plays a significant role in maintaining a good and a stable political condition in one country. On the other hand, it also brings some negative impacts in politics of a country. In an article written by M anali Oak, she mentioned that not all citizens are aware of the political scenario in their own country thus this somehow makes people making a wrong choice during election and from Christopher Ryan Maboloc, a Chair of the PhilosophyDivision at the Ateneo de Davao University, he mentioned that democracy in politics is weak because the elected party that has won the election does not guarantee a country to be a developed country in one term. And, from Alessandro Pellegata, a graduate from School in Social, Economic and Political Studies, Universita degli Studi in Milano, in his paper, he mentioned that democracy system may lead to higher political corruption compare to some dictatorships and autocracies. This is because some politicians or ministers in a country may have some hidden agendas for their own personal benefits and purposes.For example, from the annual review of corruption in Asia by the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) in March 21, 2012, India as the worldâ €™s largest democracy country is listed as the most corrupted countries in Asia and this followed by Indonesia and Cambodia. However, on the other hand, democracy does help some countries in making their countries become stable. This is proven from an article by Tusha Gupta, where she mentioned that democracy helps in making a stable government as it is based on people’s trust and support.Again, she mentioned that democracy will make a country becomes a fair and a just country, as it is based on the principle of equality. This is because the ‘real democracy’ means the equality and freedom of all citizens and having equal access to legislative processes and are generally protected by a constitution (The Democracy Sourcebook, 2003). This can be proven from most of the countries where democracy is applied are developed countries. From World Bank in 2010, it stated that there are thirty two countries listed as developed countries and most of them are democracy co untries.A democracy country has three advantages. There are politically stable, economically stable and internationally stable. This is because most developed countries do not suffer from serious declines in economy and they do not have many problems such as wars with other countries because of the stability in politics and economics and this result to a peaceful country (Richard Bruce, 2011). 3. 3 ARGUMENT III In addition, democracy does in some ways give negative impacts on the moral and ethical aspects. From Tusha Gupta, she mentioned that democracy will lower the moral standard.This is because the candidates will use any kinds of ways even though the ways are considered as unethical as it is to ensure that they will win the election. One such example is money power works hand-in-hand to ensure that one will win and beat the competitors. Other than that, democracy could also give bad influence by the political parties. From an online article by Pearson, it mentioned political par ty is a component and fundamental of a democracy system but unfortunately sometimes the party members overlook the interest of the state for the benefit of their own party.In order to ensure that they will get the power, they will sometimes practise the immoral ways, inciting hatred and also spreading caste feelings. This will affect and give a bad impression on the national character. On the contrary, some academicians and politicians believe that democracy can help in making a good, moral and mature citizen. From Alexis de Tocqueville, a great French political thinker and philosopher, he mentioned that democracy is the first school of good citizenship. Citizens learn their rights and duties from birth till death in it.This is because democracy creates a proper environment for the development of personality instilling good habits among the citizens. From Mansi Chitransi (2009), he mentioned that democracy is part of a social responsibility towards their nation. This is a good moral value where people achieve the sense of contribution for their country through selecting the right people to lead the country. They will have the chance to speak out their views through voting. This will also create the feeling of belongingness towards their society and its well-being.From my personal opinion, democracy does bring benefits to the people of a country. Based on my experience, democracy creates a mature and wise person in thinking. This is because one of the elements in democracy is we are free to choose and to elect anyone to be our representative and in order to choose a person, we have to be really critical in our decision and be aware of the current situation so that we can choose the right person to run the government. 4. 0CONCLUSION In conclusion, democracy has been seen as a major influence in modernising a country. It is proven that democracy has changed many countries from a third orld country to be a first world country and it is proven by the article from T he Council on Foreign Relations, where it says that most democracy countries have performed well in Growth Domestic Product (GDP) per capita per year compared to autocracy countries such as North Korea and Cuba. And I am still fixed with my stand to say that democracy gives many advantages to a country in terms economics and politics even though it is no doubt that it also somehow have negative impacts. 5. 0REFERENCES: The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (5th ed. ). College Park, NY: Longman Acemoglu, D. Robinson, J. (2005). Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bruce, R. (2011). List of Developed Democracies and Why it Matters. Retrieved from http://richleebruce. com/economics/1st-world. html Council on Foreign Relations. (2003, March 19). The Relationship between Democracy and Development: Implications for Policy. Retrieved from http://www. cfr. org/democratization/relationship-between-democracy-development-implications-p olicy/p5778 Chitranshi, M. (2009, March 16). Advantages and Disadvantages of Democracy. Retrieved http://www. articleswave. om/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-democracy. html Dahl, R. , Shapiro, I. and Cheibub, J. (eds) (2003) The Democracy Sourcebook (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press). Gupta, T. (n. d). What are the Main Challenges to Democracy?. Retrieved from http://www. preservearticles. com/2012051632246/what-are-the-main-challenges-to-democracy. html Heufers, R. (2002, October). The Politics of Democracy in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www. asienkunde. de/articles/Malaysia2. pdf Is Democracy An Economic Liability?. (2011, July 6). Retrieved from http://www. economist. com/blogs/freeexchange/2011/07/political-economy Kurzman, C. Werum, R. , Burkhart, R. E. (n. d). Democracy’s Effect on Economic Growth: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis, 1951-1980. Retrieved from http://kurzman. unc. edu/files/2011/06/Kurzman_Werum_Burkhart_SCID. pdf Maboloc, C. R. (2011, August 16). Poli tical Reform and Human Development. Retrieved from http://philippine-democracy. blogspot. com/2011/08/political-reform-and-human-development. html Munsyi Ahmed. (2010). Most Competitive Economies 2010. Retrieved from http://images. businessweek. com/ss/10/05/0519_most_competitive_countries_2010/2. htm Pellegata, A. (2009, September).The Effects of Democracy on the â€Å"Quality of Governance†. Evidence on the Capacity of Political Systems to Constrain Corruption. Retrieved from http://www. sisp. it/files/papers/2009/alessandro-pellegata-427. pdf Pereira, C. (2011, January 9). Political Institutions, Economic Growth, and Democracy: The Substitute Effect. Retrieved from http://www. brookings. edu/research/opinions/2011/01/19-political-institutions-pereira Political & Economic Risk Consultancy, Ltd. (2012, March 21). Asian Intelligence: Annual review of corruption in Asia. Retrieved from http://www. asiarisk. com/subscribe/exsum1. pdf Przeworski, A. n. d). Democracy and Economic Development. Retrieved from http://as. nyu. edu/docs/IO/2800/sisson. pdf Singapore, Singapore Economic Development Board. (2012, April 11). Singapore Is Ranked First In The World As The City With The Best Investment Potential. Retrieved from http://www. edb. gov. sg/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/singapore_rankings. html The Dilemma of a More Advanced Developing Country. (n. d). Retrieved from http://www. fas. nus. edu. sg/ecs/pub/wp/previous/PW2. pdf Why Democracy Is Wrong. (2006, May 13). Retrieved from http://web. inter. nl. net/users/Paul. Treanor/democracy. html

Kombucha Fungus Essays - Chinese Tea, Mycology, Blended Tea

Kombucha Fungus Essays - Chinese Tea, Mycology, Blended Tea Kombucha fungus This article from the World Wide Web is about the Kombucha fungus, what some call the miracle mushroom. This widely hyped ailment-for-anything are also known as Manchurian mushrooms and Indo- Japanese tea fungus. There is so much information about Kombucha that when I did a web search on it over 100 web sites were devoted to this strange fungus I had never heard of. I decided to look further as see what all this hype is about. Kombucha is a yeast culture supposedly possessing an natural antibiotic effect and an extreme amount of glucuronic acid, a liver detoxifier that flushes poisons out of the body. How does this all happen? First the Kombucha yeast (It is not officially a mushroom) is ground up and most commonly taken into the body in the liquid form of tea. This tea is supposed to taste somewhat like the famous Japanese green tea. If it ferments for a long time the tea tastes like a hot apple cider with a hint of vinegar. The main reason people drink this tea is not for the taste, but for the relief of endless physical ailments. Besides Kombucha?s antibiotic and anti-toxin effects, some of the other aspects of well being it helps are: acting as a laxative, relieves pains of arthritis, helps with digestion, relieves stomach cramps and bronchitis, regulates appetite, clears acne, relieves headaches, strengthens hair and nails, stops diarrhea, improves eyesight, and most of all "vitalizes" the physical body. Think that list was long? Those are just a few things on the list that this miracle fungus can help with. Could all this be true? For some reasons the United States hasn?t done scientific or clinical studies on Kombucha. However, many other countries throughout the world including Russia, Germany, and Sweden, have been doing studies on this miracle tea for nearly 100 years and have found medical benefits within the Manchurian yeast. Perhaps there is no way to be sure if all this is true, and since there have been no negative effects of drinking Kombucha tea, I would recommend to try some yourself and find out.

Paths to Constitutionalism and essays

Paths to Constitutionalism and essays Paths to Constitutionalism and Absolutism- England and France in the Seventeenth Century Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in Stuart England: James I, a believer in the divine right of kings, failed to understand the importance of Parliament in governing England. He dissolved Parliament, trying to rule without it until Englands involvement in the Thirty Years War made it necessary to reconvene it. But after Parliament passed the Great Protestation in 1621, James once again dissolved it. Charles I, forced by wars, called for Parliament to vote funds, which it refused to do until he signed the Petition of Right in 1628. In 1642, Parliament seized control of the Army. This started the English Civil War (1642-1649). The middle class people were the Roundheads and the Anglican clergy and nobility and peasants who backed the king were Royalists or Cavaliers. The Roundheads allied with Presbyterian Scotland; the king called on Irish Catholics for help. Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan leader of Parliament, led his New Model Army of Puritans against the Cavaliers and defeated them. Charles surrendered to the Scots, who turned him over to Parliament, but then turned about and allied with him. Cromwell defeated the Scots at the Battle of Preston, and helped get rid of the Presbyt. in Parliament...Parliament then voted to behead Charles. Cromwell ruled until he died in 1658. Richard was deposed in 1660 and Charles II was proclaimed ing. The Tory and Whig parties develop. Tories are mostly nobles and conservatives that support monarchy over parliament. Whigs are mostly middle class and Puritan and favor parliament and religious toleration. The Glorious Revolution: James II was unpopular the moment he took the throne. In 1688, important nobles invited William of Orange and Mary to take the English throne. James fled to exile in France. The new monarchs accepted the Declaration of Rights from parliament. The Glorious Revolution inc...

RCP 3 Chapter 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RCP 3 Chapter 3 - Coursework Example Have more limited administrator-related rights over the firewall systems. An example is when a network analyst blocks particular IP address from accessing the network under the directive of the lead network engineer. Operation under the directive of the lead network engineer prevents instances of malicious analysts configuring networks to allow for penetration by IP addresses that are already blacklisted by Data Mart. Have uncontrolled privilege on the operation of the firewall system. An example would be ensuring that every computer system or internal network passes through the firewall before permitting a user to reach a logon banner. Has a restricted permission over the rack mounted server. Allowed to carry out simple tasks like sending HTTP or HTTPS requests using client browsers. Otherwise, allowing users to control the server can result into leakage of Data Mart-owned information to the general public. Have limited administrator-related privileges on the manner of operation of the server. An example of a privilege would be retrieval of the backed-up data following any incidence of loss or damage. Granting power users full administrative privileges on server operation can lead to issues like Denial of Service attack. Have wholesome control and privilege on the operation of Data Mart-owned router. An example is the privilege to configure the router so as to be capable of performing the traffic directing roles in an effective way. Have limited user permissions and rights like reading content. An example is an online customer viewing the options of cloud platforms offered by Data Mart. This measure is appropriate because a larger number of malicious users of database systems are found among this user category (Meghanathan & CNSA, 2010). Have more limited administrator-related rights like deleting or updating existing records. An example

Game Programming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Game Programming - Assignment Example What A* does is generate and process the successor states in a certain way. Whenever it is looking for the next state to process, A-star employs a heuristic function to try to pick the best state to process next. If heuristic function is good, not only will A-star find a solution quickly, but it can also find the best solution possible. Brief Description:: The A* algorithm maintains two sets or ordered lists OPEN and CLOSED. OPEN list keeps a track of those nodes that need to be examined. CLOSED list keeps track of those nodes that have already been examined. Initially, OPEN list contains just the initial node. Start with initial node and insert it in ordered list OPEN list. Create a list CLOSED. This is initially an empty list. Each node 'n' maintains the following: g(n) = the cost of getting from the natal node to 'n' h(n) = the estimate, according to the heuristic function, of the cost of getting from n to the goal node. f(n) = g(n) + h(n); intuitively, this is the estimate of the best solution that goes through n. If OPEN is empty, exit with failure in algorithm. Select first node on OPEN. Remove it from OPEN and put it on CLOSED. This is node 'n'. If 'n' is goal node, exit the program. The solution is obtained by treating a path backwards along arcs in the tree from the node to n. Expand node n. This will generate successors. Read the list OPEN according to heuristic and go back to step 4. Each node maintains a pointer to its parent node, so that later on the best solution if founded can be retrieved. If n is goal node then we are done with solution given by backtracking. For each successor node n, if it is already in CLOSED list and the copy there has an equal or lower 'f' estimate,...Thus, the depths of the graph are first examined. For DFS, a stack can be maintained to keep a record of all the visited nodes, to ease the backtracking process. Given a suitable problem, we represent the initial conditions of the problem with an appropriate initial state, and the goal conditions as the goal state. For each action that is performed, generate successor states to represent the effects of the action. If this continues, at some point one of the generated successor states is the goal state, then the path from the initial state to the goal state is the solution to the problem. What A* does is generate and process the successor states in a certain way. Whenever it is looking for the next state to process, A-star employs a heuristic function to try to pick the best state to process next. If heuristic function is good, not only will A-star find a solution quickly, but it can also find the best solution possible. For each successor node n, if it is already in CLOSED list and the copy there has an equal or lower 'f' estimate, we can safely discard the newly generated n and move on. Similarly if n is already in the OPEN list and the copy there has an equal or lower 'f' estimate, we can discard the newly generated n and move on. If no better version of n exists on either the CLOSED or OPEN lists, we remove the inferior copies from the two lists and set n as the pare

Personal world views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal world views - Essay Example In so doing, followers obligate themselves to follow specific tenets as dictated by the religion. Following these tenets requires dedication and sacrifice. Spiritual people are loyal to the religious beliefs and follow them without questions about their reality. Spirituality is related to other terms such as pluralism, scientism, and postmodernism. Pluralism is a concept that denotes that there is no absolute truth in one line of thought. Essentially, pluralism implies that no worldview is enough to describe solely all the views of the people. In this regard, pluralism requires that every view be taken into consideration. Pluralism is common in government and religion. In religion, pluralism has it that no religion is taken as perfect or the sole source of truth. It should be understood that other beliefs may also contain some truths that may not be accurate in other beliefs. Thus, individual spirituality defines what is true or not. Scientism is a belief that human beings can find answers to all life questions through scientific research. Scientism asserts that there is no supreme being that can offer real solutions that can be proven. This worldview eliminates the religious or spiritual beliefs since they are not concrete or backed by evidence. It is upon research that points can be proven or disqualified. Scientism is more related to the concept of postmodernism as discussed below. Postmodernism is a concept that critiques the existing culture, believe and evidence systems. Postmodernism viewpoints are that human beings are not capable of making assertions regarding their origin or fate (Fukuyama et. al, 2014). The postmodern worldview disregards spirituality. In addition, the worldview stipulates that humans have locked themselves in a cage of beliefs and culture that may not be true or beneficial. The spirituality concept defines how people perceive the world around them and how they solve the day to

Fetal Genetic Disorders Lead to Abortion Essay Example for Free

Fetal Genetic Disorders Lead to Abortion Essay When a woman first finds out that they are pregnant many factors of worry are present. One is particular is the worry of a genital defect. As women age their percentile chance of having a baby with a genital defect changes drastically. Common genetic disorders are trisomy 13, Patau syndrome, trisomy 18, Edward’s syndrome, and trisomy 21, Down syndrome. Although these can be treatable if a baby lives to adult age they will have a long list of medical problems to live with. Genital defects in babies is directly linked to the rate at which abortions occur. Although it may be easier to abort a baby with a genital defect it is still as wrong no matter what the circumstances. In order for someone to fully understand what having a baby with a specific genital disorder would be like, they must first understand the effects and symptoms of these disorders. When a baby is formed they have 46 chromosomes, 23 from their mom, and 23 from their dad. When nondisjunction occurs, no full separation of a chromosome pair is when genital disorders become present. Nondisjunction of two chromosomes 18 during the formation of an egg or sperm is by far the most common cause of Edwards syndrome. † (Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders) The interesting thing is that nothing before or during pregnancy causes this and nothing can be done to prevent it. The only well supported factor is that as the mother’s age increases there is a larger chance for complications. â€Å"Unlike Down syndrome, the developmental issues caused by Trisomy 18 are associated with medical complications that are more potentially life-threatening in the early months and years of life. (Trisomy 18 Foundation) Because of this 50% of babies with Trisomy 18 taken to term will be stillborn. (Trisomy 18 Foundation) Though there have been rare cases of people living to adulthood with this disease, they face life threatening complications that will be present until the day they die. Abortion has been present since the early 1800s and is still a major issue today. The most well known case dealing with abortion is that of Roe vs. Wade. In this case Wade was fighting against Roe by saying that if they rule abortion unconstitutional they â€Å"improperly invade a right said to be ossessed by a pregnant women, to choose to terminate her pregnancy. †(Herring 86) The final ruling on this case was that women should have the legal rights to her body and should be able to choose whether or not they will terminate their pregnancy. Several factors determine why a mother would choose an abortion. Single parenthood, not enough income, just doesnt want the baby, and/or medical issues. But one of the more rising issues is the fact that women will abort babies when they get a bad diagnosis. If their baby is going to be mentally retarded then why have it, the easier thing would be to just get rid of it. This has been the growing choice among mothers these days, especially the younger ones. By age 32 a women is 67% likely to have a baby with a genital defect, and is therefore 45% more likely to have an abortion. (Herring 193) The rising controversy of abortion can be directly linked to the diagnosis of fetal genetics disorders. If a woman receives the diagnosis that her baby will be born with Down syndrome and a series of other health issues then why give birth? If the baby is not going to be perfect then there are several women out there that feel the baby has no worth living. Every fetus becomes present at conception and deserves to live whether or not they have a genital defect. Most defects are treatable today and even the ones that are not if the baby is going to die anyway then why not let it die on it’s own terms, instead of terminating it. This is the argument that has been present since the early 1800s. In Roe vs. Wade the Supreme Court ruled that they did not have the right to tell a woman what to do with her body. But murder is a capital crime as well. So the real debate should not be that abortion is legal, the real issue should be whether or not abortion is seen as murder. Webster’s dictionary defines murder as the unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by another and also defines abortion as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. But when is a baby considered a human? When they are conceived, or when they are born? It would be considered murder if someone killed a baby after they were born, so why is it not considered murder if someone kills a baby before they are born. This is the true underlying issue of abortion. If the legal system can realize their gaps in their logic then maybe they can figure out that murder is murder no matter how big or how small a human is. Everyone has different morals and beliefs on what they think is right or wrong. But know matter what their moral or spiritual background n one can deny a human being life. So whatever the reason for abortion there need only be one reason against abortion. It is killing plain and simple. If killing is illegal then so is abortion.